PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.